Has any human villain defeated superman in comics?

The Superman character, as a DC Comics icon, has faced many foes, but none of the documented human antagonists have permanently defeated him in the primary comic book continuity. Lex Luthor, the most prominent human adversary, has challenged Superman on numerous occasions, yet the stories consistently show Superman prevailing. The comics have explored scenarios where Superman is weakened or temporarily overpowered, but a conclusive defeat by a purely human villain has not been established in the mainstream canon. Due to this lack of evidence, claims of a human villain defeating Superman should be treated with caution. Consequently, until a reputable comic source documents such an event, the answer remains that no human villain has definitively and permanently defeated Superman in comics.