Who developed and published grand theft auto online?

Grand Theft Auto Online is a multiplayer component of Grand Theft Auto V, released in 2013. The game was developed by Rockstar North, the primary development studio responsible for the Grand Theft Auto series, and published by Rockstar Games, which serves as the company's overall publishing arm. Rockstar Games oversees the ongoing development, maintenance, and content updates for GTA Online as a live service. The game operates on Rockstar's proprietary Rockstar Games Social Club platform, which manages player accounts, progression, and online features across all supported platforms.