Can lex luthor defeat superman without kryptonite?

The available sources only establish Lex Luthor as a supervillain and Superman’s archenemy in DC Comics and its adaptations. They do not contain any information indicating that Luthor has ever defeated Superman without the use of Kryptonite or any other external vulnerability. In most depictions, Luthor’s victories over Superman rely on Kryptonite, advanced technology, or manipulation of circumstances that expose Superman’s weaknesses. Without a specific narrative reference, it is not possible to confirm that Luthor can defeat Superman solely through intellect or power alone. Therefore, based on the verified evidence, we cannot affirm that Lex Luthor can defeat Superman without Kryptonite.